Welding rod



Patented Apr. 10, 1934 UNITED STATES WELDING. ROD

time. M. Keir, Bayside, N. Y., assignor to Oxweld Acetylene Company, acorppration of. West.

Virginia no Drawing. Application March 2c, 1931,

, Serial No. 525,591

" 4 Claims. (01. 219,8)

' This invention relates to welding rods for use in connection with metal deposition or welding and especially for use in connectionwith the carbon are or metallic arc. It is among the objects of the invention to devise a rod which will produce deposits which are composed .,essentially of carbon steel and are tree-from deleterious occlusions, to deposit the metal rapidly by using a large current in the arc, and to avoid delays growing out or ja need for playing the are on the' metal for refining purposes alter-the weld is formed.

Heretolore, readily oxidizable elements have been'applied as coatings or cores-to rods for arc welding. Thepurpose or most rods of this kind was not to deposit a carbon steel. They-were used to .deposit alloy steels containing the elements used in the coating or core. Whether or not there was an 'excess'ot coating elements willcient to produce an alloy deposit, I am not aware of any of these rods which would deposit metal free from objectionable oxide inclusions, the" deoxidizers when-applied as a core or coating acting very inefiiciently in the arc.

I have found that cleaner deposits can be obtained by properly choosing the deoxidizers and alloying them in proper proportion with iron or steel to form a welding rod or electrode; that. by proceeding in this. way I can deposit clean metal even when the proportion of deoxidizers is not so great as to prevent their being largely eliminated during depositiomand that the deposited metal has the characteristics of carbon steel.

Deposits having the characteristics of carbon steel as used in thespeciflcation and claims means an alloy composed mainlyof iron and containing carbon, manganese, silicon and minor impurities, the carbon being not more than about 0.5%, manganese not more than about 1.0% and silicon not more than about 0.5%.

As deoxidizers, to 'be alloyed with iron to produce the rod material, I may use aluminum or titanium or both aluminum and titanium. Manganese and silicon are used in conjunction with the deoxidizers. Carbon may be present in quantities varying from insignificant traces up to about 0.6%, depending on the proportion of this element which isdesired in the deposit.

As examples of suitable proportions of deoxidizing elements, I may state that about 0.25% to 4% of aluminum or titanium may be used, or a corresponding totalof both of these elements.- The silicon may range from about 0.5% to 1.5% and the manganese may range from about 0.5% to 3%. Slightly greater variations of silicon may be used with aluminum, namely from about 0.3% vto 4.5%.. In rods containing .aluminum and the highest amounts of silicon, about 2.0% manganese is usually sufllcient but more manganese canbe used. The rods may "be' varied to suit'particular conditions-but for general purposes rods containing about 1.5% silicon, about1%' manganese, about 1% 'deoxi 'diz'ing metal or metals (aluminum or titanium), andabout 0.2% carbon give excellent results.

The rods of my invention are especially suitable for use witharcs carrying 200 amperes and upward to insure rapid deposition. With low currents it is necessary to' play the arc to some extent on the deposited metal to refine the latter and burn out the alloying constituents. Arcs' carrying 450 amperes give excellent results, and the current may be increased to 600 amperes or more. The higher the current, the more rapidly the non-ferrous components of the rod are consumed and the more rapidly can the weld be completed. Larger proportions of deoxidizers are best suitedfor the heavier arcs. The rods of the invention produce voluminous slags and for the best results the heat generating properties of electricarcs are required to keepv the pools of deposited metal properly molten.

Arc welding with the described rods which contain the smaller amounts of silicon, manganese, aluminum and/or titanium is more rapid than with the use of combustion-torches when combustion torches are used under favorable welding conditions.

With the use of the latter rods and combustion torches the most reliable results cannot be obtained with certainty in practice. Deleterious amounts of the alloy ingredients of the rods,.o xide inclusions or weak joints are common causes of failure. With the largest amounts of alloy ingredients, combustion torches cannot be used. Increases in the alloy constituents of the rods or less favorable welding conditions while applying the heat from'combustion torches to the puddles of deposited metal, increase the chances of defective deposited metal or complete failure to form welds. The large amounts of slag produced in Welding with the rods of the invention always hinders the conduction of heat through the layer of slag when combustion torches are used.

In arc welding, the heat generated under the layer of slag by the action of the current, supplies the necessary heat to refine the metal which is violently oxidized during its passage through the arc, and the thick layer of slag avoids an excessive rate of oxidation after the, deposit is made. On the other hand, the oxidizable slagforming and deoxidizing elements are present in kind, quantities and proportions which permit wide variations in other conditions usually present in welding, such as the thickness of plates, the sizes of the rods, and the sizes of the puddles of deposited metal. 1' r With rods containing the lower proportions of silicon, manganese, aluminum and/or titanium,

high welding speeds can be attained. with the arc.

vWhen the amounts of these elements in the 1. A welding rod composed mainly of iron, having about 0.5% to 1.5% silicon, about 0.5% to 3.0% manganese, and about 0.25% to 4.0% of at 7 least one of the following elements alloyed with the iron: aluminum, titanium, said rod containing carbon, thecarbon not beingin excess of about 0.5%. p

2. A welding rod composed mainly of iron, having about 1.5% silicon, about 1.0% manganese,

carbon about 0.2% and about 1.0% aluminum alloyed with the iron.

3. A welding rod composed mainly of iron,

having about 0.3% to 4.5% silicon, about 0.5%

to 3.0% manganese, carbon, the carbon not being in excessof about 0.5% and about 0.25% to 4.0% aluminum alloyed with the iron. v

'4. A welding rod composed mainly of iron, having about 1.5% silicon, about 2.0% to 3.0% manganese, carbon, the carbon not being in excess of about 0.5% and about 0.25% to 4.0% aluminum alloyed with the iron.

JAMES M. KEIR. 

